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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
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Results for armed robbery
14 results foundAuthor: Mthembu-Salter, Gregory Title: Trading Life, Trading Death: The Flow of Small Arms from Mozanbique to Malawi Summary: In a region apparently awash with weapons and plagued with rising levels of armed crime, Malawi is a welcome exception to these characteristics. In early 2007 there were only 9,320 legally registered firearms in Malawi excluding those used by the security forces, compared to just under 87,000 in Zambia and nearly 4 million in South Africa. Though a country of an estimated 13 million people, in the 5 years between 1996 and 2000 Malawi suffered just 2,161 reported cases of armed robbery. In neighbouring Zambia, for example, where there is a population of only 10 million people, there were 3,168 recorded cases of armed robbery in the 5 years between 1998 and 2002. Details: Geneva: Small Arms Survey, 2009. 36p. Source: Working Paper 6 Year: 2009 Country: Africa URL: Shelf Number: 115395 Keywords: Armed RobberyFirearms and CrimeGuns |
Author: Pezard, Stephanie Title: Insecurity is Also a War: An Assessment of Armed Violence in Burundi Summary: The various forms of armed violence encountered in Burundi are not uncommon in post-conflict countries that have not yet completed the transition to peace. In Burundi, the most frequently observed type of armed violence is linked to banditry. Of those interviewed for this report, 88.4 percent cited armed robbery and burglary as the most common acts of armed violence in their neighborhood. Details: Geneva: Geneva Declaration Secretariat, 2009. 184p. Source: Year: 2009 Country: Burundi URL: Shelf Number: 118292 Keywords: Armed RobberyArmed ViolenceRobbery (Burundi)Violent Crime (Burundi) |
Author: Chambers, Matthew Title: International Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea: Hindering Maritime Trade and Water Transportation Around the World Summary: Acts of piracy and armed robbery at sea have incensed the international community and brought about a sense of cooperation among nations, international law enforcement, and treaty organizations. In turn, this has led to information sharing and joint naval patrols. This report uses statistical data to demonstrate where and in what numbers pirate attacks take place globally. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, 2010. 4p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2010 Country: International URL: Shelf Number: 118409 Keywords: Armed RobberyMaritime CrimePirates |
Author: Smith, Lance Title: Cash in Transit Armed Robbery in Australia Summary: Cash in transit (CIT) armed robbery is an offence that can cause serious stress and danger to individuals who become victims while doing their job. To compound the emotional, psychological and physical damage CIT armed robbery can cause victims, it often causes considerable financial loss to the companies targeted. CIT armed robberies have been increasing in recent years and the AIC's National Armed Robbery Monitoring Program, along with some of Australia's leading CIT companies, determined that the dynamics of this type of robbery needed to be more closely examined. Understanding the type of offender who commits CIT armed robbery will help with the development of crime prevention strategies for the CIT industry. The types of offenders who typically commit CIT armed robbery are professional offenders who have a tendency to plan the offence, study their target and carry high-powered weaponry. Considering CIT armed robbery and related crime prevention strategies from overseas is also recommended, as countries such as South Africa and the United Kingdom have had more experience in preventing this type of crime. Details: Sydney: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2010. 6p. Source: Internet Resource: Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, No. 397: Accessed October 13, 2010 at: http://www.aic.gov.au/documents/8/E/3/{8E3B6B17-D5C1-4C2A-AB9F-64F5F0FDAD0C}tandi397.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Australia URL: http://www.aic.gov.au/documents/8/E/3/{8E3B6B17-D5C1-4C2A-AB9F-64F5F0FDAD0C}tandi397.pdf Shelf Number: 119949 Keywords: Armed RobberyCrime Prevention |
Author: Bruce, David Title: Tackling Armed Violence: Key Findings and Recommendations of the Study on the Violent Nature of Crime in South Africa Summary: This report is the sixth and final product of a study on the violent nature of crime undertaken by the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation in terms of an agreement entered into with the Minister of Safety and Security. The agreement provides for CSVR to produce six reports and that the last report should be a summary report on key findings and recommendations. This report therefore may be regarded as representing the “high level” findings of the study. This report is essentially concerned with how we understand violent crime in South Africa. By using the best empirical evidence that is available, the report aims to provide a solid footing for understanding violent crime so as to ensure the effectiveness of efforts to address it. The bulk of the report is directed towards meeting this purpose, after which the report puts forward a set of recommendations for addressing violent crime. Details: Pretoria: Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation, 2010. 66p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 22, 2010 at: http://www.csvr.org.za/docs/study/6.TAV_final_report_13_03_10.pdf Year: 2010 Country: South Africa URL: http://www.csvr.org.za/docs/study/6.TAV_final_report_13_03_10.pdf Shelf Number: 120280 Keywords: Armed RobberyHomicideViolence (South Africa)Violent Crime |
Author: Yapp, Jamie Richard Title: The Profiling of Robbery Offenders Summary: This thesis has investigated the offence of robbery. Specifically, the semi-systematic review analysed commercial armed robbery, grouping offenders in terms of an apparent scale of professionalism to amateurism. Within armed robbery, target hardening strategies appear to have reduced opportunities for professionals, with a corresponding increase in amateur armed robbers fuelled by drug habits. The empirical study found that levels of interaction used by an offender with a victim increased with offender age. Interaction was lower for a robbery committed in an external location and for offenders with previous convictions for offences against the person and property. The violence facet could not be labelled as a specific discriminatory predictor. The findings from the research and semi-systematic review distinguished between two types of robbery offender; a career professional and an amateur antisocial robber. A career professional is older and more experienced, more likely to offend in a commercial location, commit the crime in a planned and controlled manner, use high levels of interaction and lower levels of violence. An amateur antisocial robber is more likely to commit an offence outside, have previous convictions for offences against the person and property and/or be under the influence of an illegal substance. The offence is likely to be opportunistic and chaotic, characterised by high levels of violence and low levels of interaction. The Inventory of Offender Risk, Needs and Strengths (IORNS) psychometric measure was analysed. It has the potential to provide an assessment of a robbery offender's ongoing treatment and risk management. However, it requires further validation and reliability analysis before it is deemed appropriate in doing so. The case study highlighted the impact of cannabis misuse on a robbery offender's behaviour pattern and mental illness. Implications for offender treatment needs, future therapeutic intervention and risk management are discussed along with the need for further validation of the proposed model. Details: Birmingham, UK: The Centre for Forensic and Criminological Psychology, The University of Birmingham, 2010. 279p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed April 25, 2011 at: http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/1059/1/Yapp10ForenPsyD.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/1059/1/Yapp10ForenPsyD.pdf Shelf Number: 121489 Keywords: Armed RobberyCommercial PropertiesDrug Abuse and CrimeProfilingRisk AssessmentRobbery (U.K.)Violent Crime |
Author: British Retail Consortium Title: Retail Crime Survey 2011 Summary: Retail crime was thrust in to the public eye following the August riots in 2011. This highlighted the importance of tackling retail crime at an early stage. This criminal behaviour had a significant impact on retail businesses but most importantly, on retail staff and customers. While reassuring to see so many of those involved remanded in custody and given custodial sentences, the high percentage of those who had previous convictions remains a matter of significant concern. Despite a reduction in offences the cost of retail crime has significantly risen. The overall cost of retail crime has increased by 31 per cent to £1.4 billion. This is equivalent to 130,000 retail jobs. A worrying trend this year is the increase in threats and verbal abuse to retail staff which has increased by 83 per cent when compared to last year. Robberies have also increased by 20 per cent with retailers reporting an increase in the use of weapons and violence. Despite a reduction in theft and burglaries reported in this year's survey the value of these offences has increased significantly. Retailers have invested heavily to protect against low-level offending, however, the increase in costs associated with these offences is a likely indication of an increase in more serious and organised offending. While the BRC supports the Government's proposal to introduce locally elected Police and Crime Commissioners later this year, we are concerned that the lack of appropriate measurement for retail crime, combined with greater reliance on crime maps to determine local crime priorities, will make it exceptionally difficult for retailers to influence the local crime agenda. As we move towards more locally based policing, it is imperative that retail is seen as a cornerstone to safe and vibrant communities and that retailers are genuinely involved in setting local crime priorities. Details: London, UK: British Retail Consortium, 2012. 56p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed on February 3, 2012 at http://www.brc.org.uk/brc_show_document.asp?id=4324&moid=7614 Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.brc.org.uk/brc_show_document.asp?id=4324&moid=7614 Shelf Number: 123930 Keywords: Armed RobberyCrime StatisticsCrime SurveyCrimes Against BusinessesRetail Crime (U.K.)RobberyTheft |
Author: Australian Strategic Policy Institute Title: Calming Troubled Waters: Global and Regional Strategies for Countering Piracy Summary: Last October the Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs and the European Union High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy co-chaired a forum on piracy in the margins of the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Perth, attended by Indian Ocean Rim countries and stakeholders promoting security in Somalia and off the Horn of Africa. The Australian Government at that time agreed to host a Counter-Piracy Conference in Perth this year designed to explore further options to reduce piracy in Somalia and beyond. This Conference was held on 16–17 July 2012. It was attended by delegates from 59 countries and organisations and chaired by Mr Peter Jennings, Executive Director of the Australian Strategic Policy Institute. The Conference addressed global issues with piracy and armed robbery against ships. It compared the situation in the three main areas where these crimes are most prolific—in Southeast Asia, off the coast of Somalia and in the Gulf of Guinea—with a view towards gaining ideas about the lessons to be learned and how the fight against piracy and sea robbery might be strengthened at the national, regional and international levels. This Special Report opens with the speech presented by Warren Snowdon, Minister for Defence Science and Personnel, on behalf of Stephen Smith, Australian Minister for Defence to the Perth Counter-Piracy Conference. The report sets out a background paper prepared for the Conference by Dr Sam Bateman, Maritime Security Programme, S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, who was assisted in this task by ASPI’s Deputy Director, Dr Anthony Bergin. The report concludes with some personal reflections on the Perth international meeting by the Chairman of the Counter-Piracy Conference, as well as the final Chairman’s Statement, issued immediately following the conclusion of the Conference. Details: Barton, ACT, Australia: Australian Strategic Policy Institiute, 2012. 44p. Source: Internet Resource: Special Report -- Issue 47; Accessed September 17, 2012 at: http://www.aspi.org.au/publications/publication_details.aspx?ContentID=347&pubtype=10 Year: 2012 Country: International URL: http://www.aspi.org.au/publications/publication_details.aspx?ContentID=347&pubtype=10 Shelf Number: 126362 Keywords: Armed RobberyMaritime CrimeMaritime SecurityPiates/Piracy |
Author: Feldt, Lutz Title: Maritime Security – Perspectives for a Comprehensive Approach Summary: Challenges to “Maritime Security” have many faces – piracy and armed robbery, maritime terrorism, illicit trafficking by sea, i.e. narcotics trafficking, small arms and light weapons trafficking, human trafficking, global climate change, cargo theft etc. These challenges keep evolving and may be hybrid in nature: an interconnected and unpredictable mix of traditional and irregular warfare, terrorism, and/or organized crime. In our study we focus on piracy, armed robbery and maritime terrorism. Starting with principle observations regarding Maritime Security and the threat situation, we have a look at operational requirements and maritime collaboration featuring Maritime Domain Awareness. Finally, we give recommendations for political, military and business decision makers. Details: Berlin: Institut für Strategie- Politik- Sicherheits- und Wirtschaftsberatung ISPSW, 2013. 25p. Source: Internet Resource: ISPSW Strategy Series: Focus on Defense and International Security Issue No. 222: Accessed May 9, 2013 at: www.ispsw.de Year: 2013 Country: International URL: Shelf Number: 128690 Keywords: Armed RobberyMaritime CrimeMaritime SecurityMaritime TerrorismPiracy/Pirates |
Author: Fuller, Georgina Title: Where and when: A profile of armed robbery by location Summary: Armed robbery is a diverse, heterogeneous crime shaped by the presence or absence of a wide array of characteristics. Therefore, effectively preventing armed robbery requires a good understanding of the nature of the offence. Previous attempts to understand armed robbery have focused on the offender, primarily by interviewing incarcerated offenders to gain insight into their motivations and planning. However, this approach overlooks the unique vulnerabilities associated with the victim and/or the location of the offence. In this paper, four armed robbery profiles have been constructed, based on information contained in qualitative police narratives supplied as part of the AIC's National Armed Robbery Monitoring Program. These profiles highlight the way in which the location, environment and offender interact to shape individual incidents of armed robbery in Australia and may assist to inform prevention strategies. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2014. 8p. Source: Internet Resource: Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice, No. 479: Accessed September 11, 2014 at: http://www.aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/tandi_pdf/tandi479.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Australia URL: http://www.aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/tandi_pdf/tandi479.pdf Shelf Number: 133273 Keywords: Armed RobberyCrime AnalysisLocationOffender Decision MakingRobberyViolent Crime |
Author: Rohwerder, Brigitte Title: Piracy in the Horn of Africa, West Africa and the Strait of Malacca Summary: Modern piracy became a significant threat in the late 1990s and early years after the Millennium in Southeast Asia and, particularly, in the Malacca Strait, with piracy hotspots also developing off the coasts of West and East Africa in the 2000s and 2010s. Piracy in West Africa has tended to be focused in the Gulf of Guinea. Levels of piracy in these regions have fluctuated over this period, with the hotspot for piracy in 2015 in Southeast Asia, especially around the Malacca or Singapore Straits. Piracy varies by region in terms of frequency, violence, tactics, level of organisation, distance from the shore, time of day and the ship's position. Nigerian pirates in the Gulf of Guinea have tended to focus on oil tankers, Somali pirates have tended to prefer collecting ransom through kidnapping, and pirates in Southeast Asia have tended to focus on opportunistic theft when ships are at anchor or berth. However, syphoning oil cargo from product tankers - similar to incidents in the Gulf of Guinea - has been reported in the Malacca Strait; and kidnappings for ransom have occurred in the Gulf of Guinea. In July 20162 a new report from the International Chamber of Commerce's International Maritime Bureau (IMB) reported that piracy and armed robbery at sea had fallen to its lowest levels since 1995, despite a surge in kidnappings off West Africa. This drop is attributed to 'recent improvements around Indonesia, and the continued deterrence of Somali pirates off East Africa'. However, kidnappings have risen, with 44 crew captured for ransom in 2016 - 24 of them in Nigeria - up from 10 in the first half of 2015. The Gulf of Guinea is reported to be the most dangerous region for seafarers in 2015, with 23 people killed in pirate attacks. A combination of factors in each of the regions at different times have served to encourage, as well as discourage, piracy. The factors which encourage or discourage piracy may differ for subsistence pirates (consisting largely of gangs made up of part-timers who are often poor and seeking an alternative source of income) and professional pirates. Details: Birmingham, UK: GSDRC, University of Birmingham, 2016. 44p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 13, 2017 at: http://www.gsdrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/piracy_rohwerder.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Africa URL: http://www.gsdrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/piracy_rohwerder.pdf Shelf Number: 145161 Keywords: Armed RobberyMaritime CrimePiracy/Pirates |
Author: Thobane, Mahlogonolo Stephina Title: The Criminal Career of Armed Robbers with Specific Reference to Cash-In-Transit Robberies Summary: Criminal career research postulates that offending behaviour develops over time during the course of one's life. Thus, delinquency is not an isolated incident which occurs at a certain moment in time. This research comprises a mixed-method study of the criminal career of 40 offenders who perpetrated robberies against the banking and CIT industries. Through this research, an exploration is made for possibilities of using criminal career research to develop results which will guide crime prevention policies. The qualitative methodology used for this research included semi-structured interviews in order to collect information on motivations of armed robbers and the various mechanics (i.e. planning, recruitment, group dynamics) of the crime of armed robbery. Through the use of structured questionnaires, biographical data, information on risk factors and figures on the different aspects of a criminal career, such as age of offending onset, offending frequency and seriousness, and career length, were all gathered. The general findings of this research demonstrate that offending onset occurs between the ages of 11 and 15 with petty crimes, and then escalates to serious crimes. Secondly, witnessed throughout the dissertation is the fact that development of delinquent behaviour is not a result of a single risk factor but an outcome of multiple risk factors. Subsequently, a suggestion is made for the introduction of multifaceted deterrence programmes, which will holistically deal with the various offending risk factors (i.e. family, community and the offender's personal risk factors as well as peer and school dynamics). Thirdly, armed robbers are responsible for various other crimes in the process of committing the offence of robbery. Accordingly, this study confirms the criminal career notion that a small number of chronic offenders are responsible for a large number of offences. That is why it is recommended that policy makers pay attention to disrupting the criminal career of this small number of high risk offender. Details: Cape Town: University of South Africa, 2014. 287p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed May 23, 2017 at: http://uir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/18353 Year: 2014 Country: South Africa URL: http://uir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/18353 Shelf Number: 145748 Keywords: Armed RobberyBank Robbery Cash-in-Transit Robbery Criminal Careers Robbery |
Author: Lutchminarain, Natasha Title: Safety as a Priority at Shopping Centres in Gauteng: An assessment of existing security measures Summary: Violent crime and more specifically armed robberies constitute a growing threat to shopping centres in terms of their vulnerability to such criminal acts. These violent crimes are becoming ever more organised and sophisticated. Shopping centres across South Africa have become the latest targets for these syndicates. Due to the increasing number of armed robberies and violent crimes at shopping centres and the nature of violence used in these attacks, it points to a need for improvements to be made to the security measures that are in place at shopping centres. This study explored the risks and vulnerabilities at shopping centres that have led to the phenomenon of armed robberies at shopping centres in Gauteng; evaluated the current physical protection systems that are in place at shopping centres in Gauteng in order to assist with the reduction of shopping centre armed robberies; and recommendations were made for the implementation of effective security risk control measures at shopping centre's across South Africa and specifically the province of Gauteng. Self-administered questionnaire surveys were used to explore the phenomenon from the perspectives of both retail employees and customers. The data collected from the questionnaires, utilising the non-experimental research design, were quantitatively analysed. Based on the findings from the study recommendations for the improvement of shopping centre security were formulated along with recommendations for future research. Details: Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa: University of South Africa, 2015. 188p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 17, 2017 at: http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/19862/Lutchminarain_n_dissertation.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Year: 2015 Country: South Africa URL: http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/19862/Lutchminarain_n_dissertation.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Shelf Number: 146232 Keywords: Armed RobberyCrimes Against BusinessesRetail SecurityRetail StoresSecurity MeasuresShopping CentersShopping MallsViolent Crimes |
Author: Kuna, Mohammed J., ed. Title: Rural Banditry and Conflicts in Northern Nigeria Summary: In the last decade, rural banditry and violent conflicts between pastoralists and farmers in Nigeria have been on the rise. This social conflict has traditionally consisted of disputes over natural resources and is often presented as a conflict between settlers and nomadic people. However, what began as conflict between pastoralists and farmers over land has recently developed into rural banditry with heavy human and economic cost, ranging from the sexual assault of women and girls, attacks on villages, to catte rustling, amongst others. The bandits traversing Benue, Plateau, Niger, Kwara, Nassarawa, Zamfara, Kaduna, Sokoto, Kebbi, Kano are involved in crimes such as armed robbery and kidnapping. There have also been reported cases of rural banditry in Delta, Enugu, Ondo, Oyo and Ebonyi states. Examining the root causes of rural banditry and social conflict requires an understanding of its historical trajectory, social contexts, development and the dynamics of the often conflictual, but also symbiotic relationship between two production systems (agricultural and pastoral) that not only depend on land and its related resources, but are also fundamentally different in important respects. It is against this backdrop that the researchers undertook a broad interrogation of the economic and social forces that might have triggered the current realities. The 10 chapters of this book focus on wide-ranging issues, including: cattle rustling; animal husbandry; transhumance; grazing reserves; herdsmen and farmers association; media and construction of popular narratives; social impact of the phenomenon; and women's livelihoods. The findings of the 10 reports reveal that factors which account for rural banditry and social conflicts include: ecological and climate change and consistent shift in the human and livestock population; expansion in non-agricultural use of land; weak state capacity and the provision of security; proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALWs); rise of criminality and insecurity in rural areas; and weakening or collapse of informal conflict resolution mechanisms. The reports also draw attention to the international dimensions of rural banditry and social conflicts, from the perspective of the rising incidences of cross-border crimes and how it impacts on the proliferation of SALWs in Nigeria. The book incorporates recommendations to policy makers and other relevant stakeholders that, if considered and implemented, may help mitigate and manage this challenging phenomenon. Details: CITECT Estate Abuja, Nigeria: Centre for Democracy and Development, Pastoral Resolve(PARE) and Nigeria Stability and Reconciliation Programme (NSRP), 2015. 448p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 7, 2018 at: http://www.nsrp-nigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Rural-Banditry-Report.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Nigeria URL: http://www.nsrp-nigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Rural-Banditry-Report.pdf Shelf Number: 149014 Keywords: Armed RobberyBanditry Cattle Rustling Rural Crime Sexual Assaults Violence |